Ang skill sa pagdistinguish o pagkilala sa FACT o KATOTOHANAN at OPINION o OPINYON ay isang mahalagang kasanayan sa reading comprehension o pag-unawa sa binabasa.
But how do you tell the difference between the two? Paano mo masasabi ang pagkakaiba ng dalawa?
Luckily, mayroong TIPS & TRICKS upang matutunan ang FACT at OPINION. And that’s a FACT!
DESCRIPTION OF FACT
A FACT is a statement that is true and can be verified objectively, or proven. In other words, a fact is true and correct no matter what.
Ang isang FACT o KATOTOHANAN ay isang pahayag na TOTOO na maaaring mapatunayan o napatunayan na. Sa madaling salita, ang isang FACT o KATOTOHANAN ay TOTOO at TAMA kahit ano man ang mangyari.
EXAMPLE OF FACT
Let’s take a look at this example.
Eraserheads was a Philippine rock band.
O sa Filipino, Ang Eraserheads ay isang rock band ng Pilipinas.
Ang tanong, ito ba ay isang FACT? Ito ba ay isang KATOTOHANAN na maaaring patunayan?
Ang sagot, OO.
Patunay #1. Inilarawan ng SPOTIFY, isang digital music service, ang Eraserheads bilang isa sa pinakamahalagang artist sa kasaysayan ng Pinoy rock music. Kadalasang inilarawan bilang sariling Beatles ng Pilipinas.
Patunay #2. Ayon naman sa Fandom.com, isang entertainment site, ang Eraserheads ay isang Filipino rock band na nakakuha ng katanyagan noong 90s, na naging isa sa mga pinaka-maimpluwensya sa OPM o Original Pinoy Music.
Kaya, ang statement na Eraserheads was a Philippine rock band, ay legit na isang FACT.
DESCRIPTION OF OPINION
On the other hand, an OPINION is a statement that holds an element of BELIEF as it tells how someone FEELS over someone or something.
Tandaan, ang isang OPINION o OPINYON ay HINDI laging totoo at HINDI mapapatunayan.
EXAMPLE OF OPINION
Let’s associate our example with our sentence earlier.
The Eraserheads sang great songs.
How does this example become OPINION? Pano nga ba natin malalaman?
Tip # 1. Maaari nating iassume na hindi lahat ay kilala ang Eraserheads, which means, hindi rin sila aware sa kanilang mga kanta.
Tip # 2. Another assumption ay kilala ng lahat ang bandang Eraserheads pero hindi nila trip o hindi nila naeenjoy ang rock songs o rock music.
Tip # 3. Ang paggamit ng DESCRIPTIVE ADJECTIVE o Pang-uring Panglarawan na GREAT ay nagsusuggest na ang statement ay isang OPINION. Madalas sa mga statement na ginamitan ng DESCRIPTIVE ADJECTIVE ay classified as OPINION. Maaring sa ibang tao GREAT talaga ang songs ng banda, while sa iba naman ay iba ang paglalarawan nila.
MORE EXAMPLE
You may encounter fact and opinion questions on standardized tests- in a short passage. Minsan, kakailanganin matukoy ang pagkakaiba ng FACT at OPINION sa mga pahayag na nakapaloob sa isang teksto.
Halimbawa:
1Ramon Magsaysay was the 7th president of the Republic of the Philippines. 2He was a schoolteacher in the provincial town of Iba on the island of Luzon. 3He is the president responsible for South East Asia Treaty Organization that fought Cold War Marxist Communism. 4He was the first President to wear a Barong tagalog during his inaguration, and opened the gates of Malacanang to the people. 5And he was the most eloquent president.
PALIWANAG
Alin sa mga sentences sa short passage ang FACT at alin ang OPINION. Let’s find out!
Sentence 1: Ramon Magsaysay was the 7th president of the Republic of the Philippines.
Cinonfirm sa malacanang.gov.ph na si Ramon Magsaysay ang 7th President ng Pilipinas. Kaya ang sentence na Ramon Magsaysay was the 7th president of the Republic of the Philippines is a FACT.
Sentence 2: He was a schoolteacher in the provincial town of Iba on the island of Luzon.
Inquirer.net cited that Ramon Magsaysay was a teacher in Iba, Zambales. Thus, this sentence is a FACT.
Sentence 3: He is the president responsible for South East Asia Treaty Organization that fought Cold War Marxist Communism.
Sa article ng Britannica Encyclopedia, nabanggit na siya ang nagtatag ng South East Asia Treaty Organization which means na FACT din ang sentence 3.
Sentence 4: He was the first President to wear a Barong tagalog during his inaguration, and opened the gates of Malacanang to the people.
Sa Quora.com, pinaliwanag na si President Magsaysay ang kauna- unahang Pangulo ng Pilipinas na nagsuot ng Barong Tagalog sa kanyang inauguration noong December 30, 1953 kaya FACT din ang sentence 4.
Sentence 5: And he was the most eloquent president.
Sa sentence na ito, mapapansin na gumamit ng adjective, and this is ELOQUENT o mahusay magsalita. Maaaring ipagpalagay na ito ay BELIEF o paniniwala at FEELING lamang ng iilan at hindi ng lahat ng tao; kung kaya considered na OPINION ito.
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